Ready for a journey into the past? If you’re interested in the history of Jordan, you must have heard of the ancient city of Jerash. This magnificent site, also known as the Jerash archaeological site, is one of the best-preserved Roman cities outside of Italy. In this article, we’ll give you a complete guide to this ancient city, from its rich history to its most important tourist attractions.
History of Jerash
The history of Jerash dates back thousands of years, and it has passed through several important eras that shaped its identity:
- Neolithic age: Archaeological discoveries show that the area has been inhabited for more than 7,500 years.
- Bronze Age: During this era, the city grew and became an important center for trade.
- Hellenistic period: The city of Jerash was founded in the Greek style during this era, before it became part of the Roman Empire.
- Roman period & Greco-Roman period: This was Jerash’s golden age. The city became part of the Decapolis (Ten Cities) alliance, and trade, arts, and architecture flourished.
- Byzantine period: The city converted to Christianity in this era, and many churches were built there.
- Umayyad period: Jerash continued to prosper under Islamic rule, but it was severely damaged by a major earthquake in 749 AD.
- Crusader period: The city’s importance declined significantly after the earthquake.
- Mid to Late Muslim period: The city remained abandoned for centuries until it was rediscovered in the 19th century.
Location and Modern Jerash
The ruins of Jerash are located in the modern city of Jerash. The city is about 48 kilometers (30 miles) north of the Jordanian capital, Amman, and is famous for its location in a green, mountainous region. The archaeological site of Jerash has a mild climate, making it an ideal year-round tourist destination.
Key Archaeological Sites in Jerash
Now, let’s learn about the most important landmarks you must see when visiting the Jerash archaeological site:
- Hadrian’s Arch: The southern entrance to the city, built to honor a visit from Emperor Hadrian.
- Oval Plaza: A wide, oval-shaped public square surrounded by columns, it is the starting point for exploring the city.
- Colonnaded Street / Cardo Maximus: The city’s main street, decorated with tall columns on both sides. You can walk on the same stones the Romans walked on.
- South Theater: A large theater that seats thousands of spectators and is known for its wonderful acoustics. It is still used for events today.
- North Theater: A smaller but very beautiful theater that was used for formal meetings.
- Cathedral: A large Byzantine church built on the ruins of a Roman temple.
- Nymphaeum: A public fountain that was used to supply the city with water.
- Hippodrome: A place that was used for horse and chariot races.
The Tourist Experience in Jerash
Tourism in Jerash is an unforgettable experience. In addition to exploring the ruins, you can enjoy some special events:
- Roman Army & Chariot Experience (RACE): An entertaining show that reenacts chariot races and Roman battles in the Hippodrome arena.
- Jerash Festival for Culture & Arts: This is a world-famous annual festival that transforms the ancient city into a hub of artistic expression. Held primarily in the magnificent South Theater, the festival brings together a stunning array of performers from Jordan, the wider Arab world, and beyond. Guests can experience live concerts by renowned singers, watch captivating folkloric and modern dance troupes, and attend poetry readings, all set against the breathtaking backdrop of the lighted Roman ruins at night. The festival is a powerful blend of ancient history and contemporary art, making for a truly magical and memorable experience.
Jerash Archaeological Museums
Don’t forget to visit the archaeological museums in Jerash, where you can see many artifacts and relics discovered at the site, which tell the city’s story in detail.
Conclusion
Jerash is not just a collection of ancient stones. It’s a vibrant city that tells the story of the civilizations that passed through it. Visiting the ancient city of Jerash is a wonderful opportunity to learn about Arabic history and culture. For more insights into the Arab world and to master the language, be sure to download the Kaleela Arabic learning app today!
